Milled rumble strips (produced by cutting into new or existing pavement by a milling machine) are generally installed with a longitudinal width of 180 mm (7.1in) and a transverse width of 400 mm (15.75 in) while offset from the travel lane, typically at 300-400 mm (12-16 in). Tires passing over milled rumble strips drop roughly 13 mm (0.5in) into the groove, which causes tire noise and vehicle vibration. Field tests demonstrate that noise and vibration from milled rumble strips are particularly effective in warning large trucks that leave the road. One study determined the effect of the milled strip to be 12.6 times rougher and 3.4 times louder than that of the rolled rumble strip. Rolled (or "formed") rumble strips are 32-mm-deep (1.25 in), 40-mm-wide (1.6 in) rounded or V-shaped grooves pressed into hot asphalt pavements and shoulders by a roller when the constructed or reconstructed surface course is compacted. The tire drop in rolled rumble strips is approximately 0.75 mm.
Raised rumble strips are 50- to 305-mm-wide rounded or rectangular markers or strips that adhere to new or existing pavements. Some road agencies use raised buttons. Because their height can range from 6 mm to 13 mm, use of raised rumble strips is usually restricted to warmer climates that do not require snow removal